Dog Diarrhoea: Causes, Treatment, and Prevention

What is Diarrhoea in Dogs?

Diarrhoea in dogs is a common yet concerning problem for pet owners. It’s characterised by frequent, loose, or watery stools and can be caused by a wide range of factors, from something simple like a change in diet to more serious health issues. Although it can be alarming to see your dog experience diarrhoea, it’s important to know when to seek veterinary care and how to manage and prevent the condition.

In this comprehensive guide, we’ll cover the potential causes of dog diarrhoea, effective treatments, and prevention strategies to help keep your dog’s digestive system healthy.

Causes of Diarrhoea in Dogs

There are many possible causes of diarrhoea in dogs, ranging from benign to life-threatening. Understanding these causes can help you determine when to take action and when it might be best to monitor your dog at home.

• Dietary Indiscretion

• One of the most common causes of acute diarrhoea is dietary indiscretion, meaning your dog has eaten something they shouldn’t have. This could include food scraps, spoiled food, or non-food items like toys, sticks, or garbage.

• Sudden Dietary Changes

• Even if the food is safe for dogs, a sudden switch to a new brand or type of dog food can cause diarrhoea. Dogs have sensitive digestive systems, and abrupt changes in diet can disrupt their gut flora.

• Food Intolerances or Allergies

• Some dogs may develop diarrhoea as a result of food intolerances or allergies, particularly to common ingredients like beef, chicken, or grains. Chronic diarrhoea could be a sign of a food-related issue.

• Parasites

• Parasites like Giardia, roundworms, hookworms, or whipworms can cause significant gastrointestinal distress, leading to diarrhoea. Puppies and dogs with weakened immune systems are particularly vulnerable to parasitic infections.

• Infections

• Bacterial infections (such as E. coli or Salmonella) or viral infections (like parvovirus or distemper) can cause diarrhoea. These infections can be serious, so if your dog is showing signs of illness along with diarrhoea, contact your vet immediately.

• Stress and Anxiety

• Just like humans, dogs can experience stress-related digestive issues. Big changes in a dog’s environment, such as moving, travel, or the introduction of a new pet, can lead to stress-induced diarrhoea.

• Medications

• Certain medications, such as antibiotics, can disrupt the balance of healthy bacteria in your dog’s gut, leading to diarrhoea. If your dog develops diarrhoea after starting a new medication, consult your vet.

• Toxins or Poisoning

• Ingesting harmful substances such as household cleaners, human medications, or certain plants can cause diarrhoea. If you suspect your dog has ingested a toxic substance, seek emergency veterinary care.

• Chronic Diseases

• Conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), liver disease, or pancreatic disorders can cause chronic diarrhoea. These conditions typically require long-term management and veterinary supervision.

Symptoms to Watch For

In addition to loose or watery stools, dogs with diarrhoea may display other symptoms. Keep an eye out for the following signs that may indicate a more serious issue:

• Blood in Stool

• If you notice blood or mucus in your dog’s diarrhoea, it could be a sign of colitis, parasites, or other serious conditions.

• Vomiting

• Diarrhoea combined with vomiting can quickly lead to dehydration and may indicate a more severe underlying issue.

• Lethargy

• If your dog seems unusually tired or weak, it could be a sign that the diarrhoea is taking a toll on their body.

• Fever

• A fever may accompany an infection or serious illness.

• Abdominal Pain

• Dogs may show signs of discomfort by whining, restlessness, or sensitivity when their abdomen is touched.

• Weight Loss

• Chronic diarrhoea can lead to weight loss, especially if it interferes with your dog’s ability to absorb nutrients.

If your dog is showing any of these signs, or if the diarrhoea persists for more than 24-48 hours, it’s important to consult your vet.

Treating Dog Diarrhoea

The treatment for diarrhoea depends on the underlying cause. In many cases, diarrhoea can be managed at home with simple remedies, but it’s important to know when professional help is needed.

• Fasting

• For adult dogs with mild diarrhoea, your vet may recommend withholding food for 12-24 hours to give the digestive system a chance to rest. Make sure your dog has access to plenty of fresh water during this time to prevent dehydration.

• Bland Diet

• After a short fasting period, you can gradually reintroduce food by offering a bland diet. Boiled chicken or turkey (without skin or seasoning) and plain rice or potatoes are easy on the digestive system. Gradually transition back to your dog’s regular food over the next few days.

• Probiotics

• Probiotic supplements can help restore the balance of healthy bacteria in the gut, especially if the diarrhoea is caused by stress or antibiotics. There are many probiotic products specifically formulated for dogs.

• Hydration

• Diarrhoea can cause dehydration, so it’s crucial to ensure your dog is drinking enough water. In some cases, your vet may recommend offering an electrolyte solution to help restore lost fluids and minerals.

• Medications

• Depending on the cause of diarrhoea, your vet may prescribe medications such as:
• Antibiotics to treat bacterial infections.
• Antiparasitic medications to eliminate parasites.
• Anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce inflammation in the digestive tract.

• Veterinary Treatment

• For severe cases of diarrhoea, especially those accompanied by vomiting, blood in the stool, or signs of systemic illness, your dog may require intravenous fluids, medications, or further diagnostic testing to determine the cause of the diarrhoea.

When to See a Vet

While mild cases of diarrhoea often resolve on their own, it’s important to know when to seek veterinary care. You should contact your vet if:

• The diarrhoea persists for more than 24-48 hours.
• Your dog is showing signs of dehydration (dry gums, lethargy, sunken eyes).
• There is blood in the stool.
• Your dog is vomiting alongside the diarrhoea.
• Your dog is showing other signs of illness, such as fever or weakness.
• Your dog is very young, old, or has a pre-existing medical condition, as they may be more susceptible to complications.

Preventing Diarrhoea in Dogs

There are several steps you can take to reduce the risk of diarrhoea in your dog:

• Gradual Dietary Changes

• If you need to switch your dog’s food, do so gradually over 7-10 days by mixing increasing amounts of the new food with the old food. This will help your dog’s digestive system adjust without causing upset.

• Avoid Table Scraps

• Human food, especially fatty or spicy items, can be hard for dogs to digest and may lead to diarrhoea. Stick to dog-safe treats and ensure your dog doesn’t have access to harmful foods or objects.

• Regular Deworming

• Keeping your dog on a regular deworming schedule can help prevent parasitic infections that cause diarrhoea.

• Keep the Environment Clean

• Ensure that your dog’s living and play areas are clean, and avoid allowing your dog to scavenge or eat things they find on walks.

• Stress Management

• Try to minimise stressors in your dog’s life, such as loud noises, changes in routine, or anxiety-inducing situations. Regular exercise, mental stimulation, and a stable routine can help reduce stress-induced digestive issues.

• Vaccinations

• Keep your dog up to date on vaccinations to protect against viruses that can cause diarrhoea, such as parvovirus or distemper.

Conclusion: Managing and Preventing Dog Diarrhoea

Diarrhoea in dogs can be a minor inconvenience or a sign of a more serious issue. By understanding the potential causes and knowing how to treat and prevent it, you can help your dog recover quickly and keep their digestive system healthy. If your dog experiences diarrhoea, remember to monitor their condition closely, and don’t hesitate to contact your vet if you’re concerned.
By maintaining a healthy diet, reducing stress, and staying proactive with veterinary care, you can help prevent future episodes of diarrhoea and ensure your dog stays happy and healthy.